1 Study Coverage
1.1 Power Wrench Product Introduction
1.2 Global Power Wrench Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.2.1 Global Power Wrench Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2017-2028
1.2.2 Global Power Wrench Sales in Volume for the Year 2017-2028
1.3 United States Power Wrench Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.3.1 United States Power Wrench Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2017-2028
1.3.2 United States Power Wrench Sales in Volume for the Year 2017-2028
1.4 Power Wrench Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.4.1 The Market Share of United States Power Wrench in Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.4.2 The Growth Rate of Power Wrench Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.5 Power Wrench Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Power Wrench Industry Trends
1.5.2 Power Wrench Market Drivers
1.5.3 Power Wrench Market Challenges
1.5.4 Power Wrench Market Restraints
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
2 Market by Type
2.1 Power Wrench Market Segment by Type
2.1.1 Air Power Wrenches
2.1.2 Pneumatic Power Wrench
2.1.3 Others
2.2 Global Power Wrench Market Size by Type
2.2.1 Global Power Wrench Sales in Value, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.2.2 Global Power Wrench Sales in Volume, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.2.3 Global Power Wrench Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3 United States Power Wrench Market Size by Type
2.3.1 United States Power Wrench Sales in Value, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3.2 United States Power Wrench Sales in Volume, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3.3 United States Power Wrench Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3 Market by Application
3.1 Power Wrench Market Segment by Application
3.1.1 Household
3.1.2 Construction
3.1.3 Mining
3.1.4 Automotive
3.1.5 Others
3.2 Global Power Wrench Market Size by Application
3.2.1 Global Power Wrench Sales in Value, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.2.2 Global Power Wrench Sales in Volume, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3.3 Global Power Wrench Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3 United States Power Wrench Market Size by Application
3.3.1 United States Power Wrench Sales in Value, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3.2 United States Power Wrench Sales in Volume, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3.3 United States Power Wrench Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
4 Global Power Wrench Competitor Landscape by Company
4.1 Global Power Wrench Market Size by Company
4.1.1 Top Global Power Wrench Manufacturers Ranked by Revenue (2021)
4.1.2 Global Power Wrench Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
4.1.3 Global Power Wrench Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
4.1.4 Global Power Wrench Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Power Wrench Concentration Ratio (CR)
4.2.1 Power Wrench Market Concentration Ratio (CR) (2017-2022)
4.2.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Manufacturers of Power Wrench in 2021
4.2.3 Global Power Wrench Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.3 Global Power Wrench Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Type
4.3.1 Global Power Wrench Manufacturers, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region
4.3.2 Manufacturers Power Wrench Product Type
4.3.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Power Wrench Market
4.4 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4.5 United States Power Wrench Market Size by Company
4.5.1 Top Power Wrench Players in United States, Ranked by Revenue (2021)
4.5.2 United States Power Wrench Revenue by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022)
4.5.3 United States Power Wrench Sales by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022)
5 Global Power Wrench Market Size by Region
5.1 Global Power Wrench Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
5.2 Global Power Wrench Market Size in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
5.2.1 Global Power Wrench Sales in Volume by Region: 2017-2022
5.2.2 Global Power Wrench Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
5.3 Global Power Wrench Market Size in Value by Region (2017-2028)
5.3.1 Global Power Wrench Sales in Value by Region: 2017-2022
5.3.2 Global Power Wrench Sales in Value by Region: 2023-2028
6 Segment in Region Level & Country Level
6.1 North America
6.1.1 North America Power Wrench Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.1.2 North America Power Wrench Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.1.3 U.S.
6.1.4 Canada
6.2 Asia-Pacific
6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Power Wrench Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.2.2 Asia-Pacific Power Wrench Market Facts & Figures by Region (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.2.3 China
6.2.4 Japan
6.2.5 South Korea
6.2.6 India
6.2.7 Australia
6.2.8 Taiwan
6.2.9 Indonesia
6.2.10 Thailand
6.2.11 Malaysia
6.2.12 Philippines
6.3 Europe
6.3.1 Europe Power Wrench Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.3.2 Europe Power Wrench Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.3.3 Germany
6.3.4 France
6.3.5 U.K.
6.3.6 Italy
6.3.7 Russia
6.4 Latin America
6.4.1 Latin America Power Wrench Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.4.2 Latin America Power Wrench Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.4.3 Mexico
6.4.4 Brazil
6.4.5 Argentina
6.5 Middle East and Africa
6.5.1 Middle East and Africa Power Wrench Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.5.2 Middle East and Africa Power Wrench Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.5.3 Turkey
6.5.4 Saudi Arabia
6.5.5 U.A.E
7 Company Profiles
7.1 Dewalt
7.1.1 Dewalt Corporation Information
7.1.2 Dewalt Description and Business Overview
7.1.3 Dewalt Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.1.4 Dewalt Power Wrench Products Offered
7.1.5 Dewalt Recent Development
7.2 Bosch
7.2.1 Bosch Corporation Information
7.2.2 Bosch Description and Business Overview
7.2.3 Bosch Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.2.4 Bosch Power Wrench Products Offered
7.2.5 Bosch Recent Development
7.3 Ingersoll Rand
7.3.1 Ingersoll Rand Corporation Information
7.3.2 Ingersoll Rand Description and Business Overview
7.3.3 Ingersoll Rand Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.3.4 Ingersoll Rand Power Wrench Products Offered
7.3.5 Ingersoll Rand Recent Development
7.4 Craftsman
7.4.1 Craftsman Corporation Information
7.4.2 Craftsman Description and Business Overview
7.4.3 Craftsman Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.4.4 Craftsman Power Wrench Products Offered
7.4.5 Craftsman Recent Development
7.5 Hitachi
7.5.1 Hitachi Corporation Information
7.5.2 Hitachi Description and Business Overview
7.5.3 Hitachi Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.5.4 Hitachi Power Wrench Products Offered
7.5.5 Hitachi Recent Development
7.6 Milwaukee
7.6.1 Milwaukee Corporation Information
7.6.2 Milwaukee Description and Business Overview
7.6.3 Milwaukee Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.6.4 Milwaukee Power Wrench Products Offered
7.6.5 Milwaukee Recent Development
7.7 Rockwell
7.7.1 Rockwell Corporation Information
7.7.2 Rockwell Description and Business Overview
7.7.3 Rockwell Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.7.4 Rockwell Power Wrench Products Offered
7.7.5 Rockwell Recent Development
7.8 RYOBI Tools
7.8.1 RYOBI Tools Corporation Information
7.8.2 RYOBI Tools Description and Business Overview
7.8.3 RYOBI Tools Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.8.4 RYOBI Tools Power Wrench Products Offered
7.8.5 RYOBI Tools Recent Development
7.9 Kobalt Tools
7.9.1 Kobalt Tools Corporation Information
7.9.2 Kobalt Tools Description and Business Overview
7.9.3 Kobalt Tools Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.9.4 Kobalt Tools Power Wrench Products Offered
7.9.5 Kobalt Tools Recent Development
7.10 KIELDER
7.10.1 KIELDER Corporation Information
7.10.2 KIELDER Description and Business Overview
7.10.3 KIELDER Power Wrench Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.10.4 KIELDER Power Wrench Products Offered
7.10.5 KIELDER Recent Development
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Power Wrench Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Power Wrench Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Power Wrench Distributors
8.3 Power Wrench Production Mode & Process
8.4 Power Wrench Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Power Wrench Sales Channels
8.4.2 Power Wrench Distributors
8.5 Power Wrench Customers
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
10.1 Research Methodology
10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
10.1.2 Data Source
10.2 Author Details
10.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Power Wrench CAGR in Value, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Table 2. Power Wrench Market Trends
Table 3. Power Wrench Market Drivers
Table 4. Power Wrench Market Challenges
Table 5. Power Wrench Market Restraints
Table 6. Global Power Wrench Sales by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 7. United States Power Wrench Sales by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global Power Wrench Sales by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 9. United States Power Wrench Sales by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 10. Top Power Wrench Manufacturers in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 11. Global Power Wrench Revenue by Manufacturer, (US$ Million), 2017-2022
Table 12. Global Power Wrench Revenue Share by Manufacturer, 2017-2022
Table 13. Global Power Wrench Sales by Manufacturer, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 14. Global Power Wrench Sales Share by Manufacturer, 2017-2022
Table 15. Global Power Wrench Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 16. Global Power Wrench Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 17. Global Power Wrench by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Power Wrench as of 2021)
Table 18. Top Players of Power Wrench in Global Market, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region
Table 19. Manufacturers Power Wrench Product Type
Table 20. Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Power Wrench Market
Table 21. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 22. Top Power Wrench Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 23. United States Power Wrench Revenue by Players, (US$ Million), 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 24. United States Power Wrench Revenue Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 25. United States Power Wrench Sales by Players, (K Units), 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 26. United States Power Wrench Sales Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 27. Global Power Wrench Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Table 28. Global Power Wrench Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Power Wrench Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Power Wrench Sales in Value by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 31. Global Power Wrench Sales in Value Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 32. North America Power Wrench Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 33. North America Power Wrench Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Asia Pacific Power Wrench Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 35. Asia Pacific Power Wrench Sales in Value by Region (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Europe Power Wrench Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Power Wrench Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Latin America Power Wrench Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 39. Latin Americaa Power Wrench Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Middle East and Africa Power Wrench Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 41. Middle East and Africa Power Wrench Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Dewalt Corporation Information
Table 43. Dewalt Description and Business Overview
Table 44. Dewalt Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 45. Dewalt Power Wrench Product
Table 46. Dewalt Recent Development
Table 47. Bosch Corporation Information
Table 48. Bosch Description and Business Overview
Table 49. Bosch Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 50. Bosch Product
Table 51. Bosch Recent Development
Table 52. Ingersoll Rand Corporation Information
Table 53. Ingersoll Rand Description and Business Overview
Table 54. Ingersoll Rand Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 55. Ingersoll Rand Product
Table 56. Ingersoll Rand Recent Development
Table 57. Craftsman Corporation Information
Table 58. Craftsman Description and Business Overview
Table 59. Craftsman Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 60. Craftsman Product
Table 61. Craftsman Recent Development
Table 62. Hitachi Corporation Information
Table 63. Hitachi Description and Business Overview
Table 64. Hitachi Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 65. Hitachi Product
Table 66. Hitachi Recent Development
Table 67. Milwaukee Corporation Information
Table 68. Milwaukee Description and Business Overview
Table 69. Milwaukee Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 70. Milwaukee Product
Table 71. Milwaukee Recent Development
Table 72. Rockwell Corporation Information
Table 73. Rockwell Description and Business Overview
Table 74. Rockwell Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 75. Rockwell Product
Table 76. Rockwell Recent Development
Table 77. RYOBI Tools Corporation Information
Table 78. RYOBI Tools Description and Business Overview
Table 79. RYOBI Tools Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 80. RYOBI Tools Product
Table 81. RYOBI Tools Recent Development
Table 82. Kobalt Tools Corporation Information
Table 83. Kobalt Tools Description and Business Overview
Table 84. Kobalt Tools Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 85. Kobalt Tools Product
Table 86. Kobalt Tools Recent Development
Table 87. KIELDER Corporation Information
Table 88. KIELDER Description and Business Overview
Table 89. KIELDER Power Wrench Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 90. KIELDER Product
Table 91. KIELDER Recent Development
Table 92. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 93. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 94. Power Wrench Customers List
Table 95. Power Wrench Distributors List
Table 96. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 97. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 98. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Power Wrench Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Power Wrench Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Figure 3. Global Power Wrench Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 4. Global Power Wrench Sales 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 5. United States Power Wrench Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Figure 6. United States Power Wrench Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 7. United States Power Wrench Sales 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. United States Power Wrench Market Share in Global, in Value (US$ Million) 2017-2028
Figure 9. United States Power Wrench Market Share in Global, in Volume (K Units) 2017-2028
Figure 10. Power Wrench Report Years Considered
Figure 11. Product Picture of Air Power Wrenches
Figure 12. Product Picture of Pneumatic Power Wrench
Figure 13. Product Picture of Others
Figure 14. Global Power Wrench Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028
Figure 15. Global Power Wrench Sales in Value by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 16. Global Power Wrench Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 17. Global Power Wrench Sales by Type (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 18. Global Power Wrench Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 19. Global Power Wrench Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 20. United States Power Wrench Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028
Figure 21. United States Power Wrench Sales in Value by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 22. United States Power Wrench Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 23. United States Power Wrench Sales by Type (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 24. United States Power Wrench Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 25. United States Power Wrench Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 26. Product Picture of Household
Figure 27. Product Picture of Construction
Figure 28. Product Picture of Mining
Figure 29. Product Picture of Automotive
Figure 30. Product Picture of Others
Figure 31. Global Power Wrench Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028
Figure 32. Global Power Wrench Sales in Value by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Global Power Wrench Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 34. Global Power Wrench Sales by Application (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 35. Global Power Wrench Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 36. Global Power Wrench Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 37. United States Power Wrench Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028
Figure 38. United States Power Wrench Sales in Value by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. United States Power Wrench Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 40. United States Power Wrench Sales by Application (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 41. United States Power Wrench Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 42. United States Power Wrench Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 43. North America Power Wrench Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 44. North America Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 45. U.S. Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Canada Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Europe Power Wrench Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 48. Europe Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Germany Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. France Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. U.K. Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. Italy Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. Russia Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Power Wrench Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 56. China Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. Japan Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. South Korea Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. India Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Australia Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Taiwan Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. Indonesia Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. Thailand Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 64. Malaysia Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 65. Philippines Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. Latin America Power Wrench Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 67. Latin America Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Mexico Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Brazil Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Argentina Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Power Wrench Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 72. Middle East & Africa Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 73. Turkey Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Saudi Arabia Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 75. U.A.E Power Wrench Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 76. Power Wrench Value Chain
Figure 77. Power Wrench Production Process
Figure 78. Channels of Distribution
Figure 79. Distributors Profiles
Figure 80. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 81. Data Triangulation
Figure 82. Key Executives Interviewed
Please ask for List of Figures. Request Sample Report
Companies Included in Reports:
Dewalt Bosch Ingersoll Rand Craftsman Hitachi Milwaukee Rockwell RYOBI Tools Kobalt Tools KIELDER